Longevity Papers

In-depth human immune cellular profiling from newborn to frail.

Wangchun Li, Hangyu Liu, Lijuan Gao ... · Frailty · Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Shunde Hospital, Jinan University, No.50, East Guizhou Avenue, Foshan 528000, China. · pubmed

Immune functional decline and remodeling accompany aging and frailty. It is still largely unknown how changes in the immune cellular composition differentiate healthy individuals from those who become frail at a relatively early age. Our aim in this exploratory study was to inves...

Immune functional decline and remodeling accompany aging and frailty. It is still largely unknown how changes in the immune cellular composition differentiate healthy individuals from those who become frail at a relatively early age. Our aim in this exploratory study was to investigate immunological changes from newborn to frailty and the association between health statute and various immune cell subtypes. The participants analyzed in this study covered human cord blood cells and peripheral blood cells collected from young adults and healthy and frail old individuals. A total of 30 immune cell subsets were performed by flow cytometry based on the surface markers of immune cells. Furthermore, frailty was investigated for its relations with various leukocyte subpopulations. Frail individuals exhibited a higher CD4/CD8 ratio; a higher proportion of CD4+ central memory T cells, CD8+ effector memory T cells, CD27- switched memory B (BSM) cells, CD27+ BSM cells, age-associated B cells, and CD38-CD24- B cells; and a lower proportion of naïve CD8+ T cells and progenitor B cells. The frailty index score was found to be associated with naïve T cells, CD4/CD8 ratio, age-associated B cells, CD27- BSM cells, and CD4+ central memory T cells. Our findings conducted a relatively comprehensive and extensive atlas of age- and frailty-related changes in peripheral leukocyte subpopulations from newborn to frailty. The immune phenotypes identified in this study can contribute to a deeper understanding of immunosenescence in frailty and may provide a rationale for future interventions and diagnosis.

Longevity Relevance Analysis (4)

The paper investigates immunological changes associated with aging and frailty, which are relevant to understanding the biological mechanisms of aging. It provides insights into immune cellular profiling across different life stages, contributing to the knowledge of immunosenescence. However, while the findings are solid, they do not present a major breakthrough or transformative implications for longevity research, thus limiting its overall impact.

A life-time of hematopoietic cell function: ascent, stability, and decline.

Anna Popravko, Lorna Mackintosh, Elaine Dzierzak · Hematopoiesis · Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, UK. · pubmed

Aging is a set of complex processes that occur temporally and continuously. It is generally a unidirectional progression of cellular and molecular changes occurring during the life stages of cells, tissues and ultimately the whole organism. In vertebrate organisms, this begins at...

Aging is a set of complex processes that occur temporally and continuously. It is generally a unidirectional progression of cellular and molecular changes occurring during the life stages of cells, tissues and ultimately the whole organism. In vertebrate organisms, this begins at conception from the first steps in blastocyst formation, gastrulation, germ layer differentiation, and organogenesis to a continuum of embryonic, fetal, adolescent, adult, and geriatric stages. Tales of the "fountain of youth" and songs of being "forever young" are dominant ideas informing us that growing old is something science should strive to counteract. Here, we discuss the normal life stages of the blood system, particularly the historical recognition of its importance in the early growth stages of vertebrates, and what this means with respect to progressive gain and loss of hematopoietic function in the adult.

Longevity Relevance Analysis (3)

The paper discusses the life stages of the blood system and the changes in hematopoietic function over time, which is relevant to understanding aging processes. However, it primarily focuses on the historical recognition of these functions rather than proposing solutions to the root causes of aging or lifespan extension. Thus, while it contributes to the field, its impact is limited and more incremental than groundbreaking.

Long-term intake of sulforaphene alleviates D-galactose-induced skin senescence by activating AMPK-Sirt 1 pathway.

Bo Zhang, Pengtao Liu, Huakang Sheng ... · Skin Aging · State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China. · pubmed

D-Galactose (D-gal) accumulation triggers the generation of oxygen free radicals, resulting in skin aging. Sulforaphene (SFE), an isothiocyanate compound derived from radish seeds, possesses diverse biological activities, including protective effects against inflammation and oxid...

D-Galactose (D-gal) accumulation triggers the generation of oxygen free radicals, resulting in skin aging. Sulforaphene (SFE), an isothiocyanate compound derived from radish seeds, possesses diverse biological activities, including protective effects against inflammation and oxidative damage. This investigation delves into the antioxidant impact of SFE on age-related skin injury. In vivo experiments demonstrate that SFE treatment significantly improves the macro- and micro-morphology of dorsal skin. It effectively diminishes the elevation of oxidative stress biomarkers in mice skin tissue treated with D-gal, concurrently enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Additionally, SFE mitigates collagen mRNA degradation, lowers pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, and downregulates MAPK-related protein expression in the skin. Moreover, SFE supplementation reduces lipid metabolite levels and elevates amino acid metabolites, such as L-cysteine and L-histidine. These findings suggest that SFE holds promise as a natural remedy to mitigate aging induced by oxidative stress.

Longevity Relevance Analysis (3)

The paper investigates the effects of sulforaphene on skin senescence induced by oxidative stress, which is a contributing factor to aging. While it addresses a mechanism related to aging, the focus is primarily on skin health rather than broader implications for longevity or lifespan extension. The findings are solid but represent an incremental advance in understanding the role of antioxidants in age-related skin changes, thus limiting its overall impact on the field of longevity research.